The Ultimate Guide to Attack Surface

Attack Surface is the sum of all internet-facing digital assets, hardware, software, and applications that can be exploited to carry out cyber-attacks.

In September 2017, the world saw one of the worst data breaches in history. Equifax Inc. - one of the three largest consumer credit reporting agencies in the world - announced a data breach that compromised the personal information of 147 million people.

Comprehensive attack surface evaluation and analysis can help you create your parameters and limit the opportunities available to cybercriminals.

Here is how to map your attack surface once you have planned and scoped out your organizational perimeter.

Steps to map your attack surface:

Step #1: Perform application discovery

The first step is application discovery that understands what critical web apps you own and where they are exposed. This can be impossible due to the significant amount of shadow IT in large organizations. So, instead of bombarding your team with false positives, it is a far more reasonable approach to focus on business-critical web apps and assessing their risk level first.  

Step #2: Check code usage 

Some code languages are more exposed than others, and as new versions are released, this will organically fix the issues. Using insecure and old code to develop your website will lead to a host of easily exploitable vulnerabilities for hackers to take advantage of. 

Step #3: Identify page distribution 

The more pages your website has, the more risks there are. As such, all pages must be found, and vulnerabilities need to be uncovered at all levels. Access to specific actions or pages can be restricted using user levels set up by the administrator. This could be critical in keeping the bad guys out. 

Step #4: Input Vectors 

Having too many input fields in your web applications exposes you the risk of an XSS attack. Find the number of input vectors in your attack surface and the assess their criticality and risk.  

Step #5: Active Contents 

As soon as an application runs scripts, the attack surface may increase depending on how the scripts have been implemented. If a website has been developed using several active content technologies, it could expand the attack surface out of control. Some of the examples of active contents are website polling forms, opt-ins, animated GIFs, maps, JavaScript applications, streaming videos, audio applications, embedded objects, features that rely on browser plug-ins, and more 

Step #6: Cookie Usage 

Cookies are necessary for real-time application security, which it achieves by monitoring session activity and keeping malicious actors away from the unauthorized zones. 

Now that you have gone through all these steps, you will need to correlate the results obtained in a way that best suits your risk posture. Some of the factors to keep in mind are: 

• Criticality: Check if the asset in question business-critical and can harm your organization and revenues if attacked. Defining these weak points will help you understand the business criticality level of the application. 

• Update Frequency: Not all applications are updated regularly and stay static with little intervention. Some need dynamic maintenance, making them more vulnerable with time. Finding the update frequency of applications will help figure out the risk more accurately. 

When you consider all these factors, you will get a proper blueprint of your attack surface, giving you a gauge of your overall weaknesses and risk score. Now you can decide to shut down an app if it is no longer being used or focus your vulnerability assessment and remediation efforts on the areas that pose the highest risk for your organizations. 

Once you have mapped your attack surface and found the high-risk areas, you must focus on entry points such as interfaces wherein your system allows for anonymous and public access. You could be exposed to the following: 

• Network-facing code 
• Web forms 
• Files from outside your network
• Interfaces that are backward-compatible with other systems 
• Custom APIs. 
• Security code dealing with cryptography, authentication, authorization, etc. 

Operational controls like network firewalls and application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help you immensely here. Maintaining multiple versions of an application and leaving features redundant, leaving old backup copies, and unused code increases your attack surface significantly. 

Keep your actual attack surface close to your theoretical version by keeping control over your source code and exercising robust change management.

How can real-time visibility protect your attack surface? 

If you cannot see chinks in your armor, you will not be able to manage it. Legacy strategies like audits and pen tests tend to miss the vulnerabilities that crawl up across your dynamic threat landscape. This is where real-time visibility comes in – to give you around-the-clock monitoring, completely hands-off. Real-time visibility into your attack surface helps you in the following ways:  

• It eliminates the need for new scans  

A lot can change within a matter of few hours in your threat landscape. Having a static risk assessment program could make you miss serious vulnerabilities that might crop up any time in your attack surface. Getting prompt and updated intel without requiring any news scans could save you the crucial time to find your adversaries.  

• It improves time to respond and remediate 

A real-time visibility into your attack surface means you plug the holes in your bucket well before the risk is exploited and leads to major losses. Mitigating risk at the time ensures you have enhanced productivity, reliable security operations, and a higher ROI (return on investments) eventually. Advanced attack surface management offered by Netenrich brings in threat correlation capability enabling proactive risk management. By drawing on the latest threat intelligence it helps you predict attacks even before they occur. Such intelligence allows you to focus more on corrective measures instead of research.  

• It ensures consistent, complete, and updated security  

To have a consistently robust security posture, you need to manage and resolve threats at the speed they arise. A real-time visibility ensures you take prompt action as when something needs your attention such as changes to critical assets, expiring or expired certificates, brand impersonation incidents, third-party risk, and more. A real-time attack surface view is an excellent tool to ensure you have a 360° view for an easy and always-on monitoring.  

Companies these days are spending millions of dollars across a wide range of solutions but struggle to gain even limited visibility into their entire attack surface. Turns out, often, these organizations focus only on assets that they already know exist. As such, most of them do not even have an estimate of how their attack surface looks like.

What is Attack Surface Intelligence?

Resolution Intelligence Cloud's Attack Surface Intelligence (ASI) features let you find and act fast to fix hidden risks across your digital exposure on domains, certificates, open ports, vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and more. ASI helps start-ups, mid-markets, and enterprises, too, demystify security beyond the perimeter with enterprise-grade outside-in security delivered via Netenrich’s human-machine outcomes platform. 

So far, we have talked about the “WHAT” of ASI. Let us now look at the “WHY.” 

#1 Plug-and-Play 

ASI ensues zero-effort onboarding. You can start with your e-mail address to see your attack surface in near-real-time. Bring in your CMDB (Configuration management databases) data, plug in your cloud instances, and ensure you are always ahead of hackers in watching—and managing—your attack surface. 

#2 Zero Downtime 

ASI continuously and non-intrusively scans your attack surface to discover publicly exposed digital footprint, unlike point-in-time exercises like pen tests and Red Teams and bubbles up those that need your immediate attention. 

#3 Proprietary threat intel 

Leverage our global threat intelligence, built ground up to work natively with our security products and solutions like ASI and ISOC (Intelligent SOC), to prioritize risks and stay ahead of threat actors in your industry and geography. 

#4 Collaborative risk mitigation 

Fix risks right now with our bench of CyberSec experts via chat, e-mail, and phone. Put effective security controls in place and scale your Security Operations with our ISOC solution at a fraction of the cost to run your own.

Getting started with Attack Surface Intelligence

Learn more about Resolution Intelligence Cloud™ to know more about: 

• An attack surface scan
• Access to ASI’s intelligence portal and dashboards
• Expert analyst insights to address your most critical risks first 

Discover the full power of Netenrich’s Threat + Attack Surface Intelligence.